1. Ground-based precipitation gauges
2. Radar-based precipitation measurements and data processing
3. Use of the radar precipitation for runoff prediction and probabilistic calculations

1. Snow survey methods
2. Spatial distribution of snow over drainage basins of various scales
3. Snow melt: measurements and simulation based upon the energy budget
4. Snow water contents and snowmelt as climatic variables
5. Use of the snow cover data in hydrological forecasting
6. Applied snow hydrology (with reference to engineering and agriculture)

1. Water balance and lysimetric measurements
2. Heat balance and turbulent diffusion (profile) measurements using an automatic equipment
3. Empirically-based calculation schemes
4. Water consumption of agricultural plants

1. Soil moisture measurements using the neutron probe
2. Soil physical properties
3. Infiltration into frozen soil, impermeable layer and overland flow
4. Infiltration and rainstorm flow conditions

1. Classification of the wetland landscapes
2. Physical properties of the peat soils
3. Methods for calculation of inflow with reference to design drainage
4. Influence of wetlands on river runoff

1. Regionalization and an optimal choice of representative river basins
2. Cluster analysis and taxonomy of river basins
3. Spring flood calculations and forecasting
4. Evaluation of the environmental risk based upon the regional hydrology

Hydrosphere © 1990 — 2005 Vladimir A. Shutov
Design by Timothy (Azs) Shutov © 2001